Music Is an Art Form - 1504 Words

TERM PAPER â€Å"Music is generally perceived as the most universal of all art forms.† The literal meaning of the word music according to any dictionary is: art of combining vocal or instrumental sounds in a harmonious or expressive way. But music has a meaning which is far broader than this. Music is life. Music means Self-expansion and oneness. It is an art by itself. Art, in any of its forms, is generated by a person, or a group of talented yet usually ordinary people, that express, willingly or not, an opinion regarding present times. It is not a want; it is a need. If you try to imagine yourself without it, you are bound to feel incomplete. For many of us, it has become a necessity of our lives. Music has no boundaries. Music is the†¦show more content†¦Music itself is considered as a language. Music and language are related in many ways. Because music stimulates our sense of hearing, it is clear that music can, and inevitably does, convey information. I consider that music is, by its very nature, has the power to express everything, whether a feeling, an attitude of mind, a psychological mood, a phenomenon of nature, etc. Although it can be said that music usually tends to express something, this is only an illusion, and not a reality. It is precisely this, which produces in us a unique emotion which has nothing in common with our ordinary sensations and our responses to the impressions of daily life. Music expresses, at different moments, serenity or liveliness, regret or triumph, fury or delight. It expresses each of these moods, and many others, in a numberless variety of differences. It may even express a state of meaning for which there exists no adequate word in any language. In that case, musicians often like to say that it has only a purely musical meaning. They sometimes go farther and say that all music has only a purely musical meaning. My own belief is that all music has an expressive power, some more and some less, but that all music has a certainShow MoreRelatedMusic As A Form Of Art1125 Words   |  5 PagesMusic is an art to reflect human’s emotion. It is the science or art of using tones and sounds in association and in temporal relationships to make construction having unity and continuity.It can be divided into classical music, pop music, folk music and instrumental music. In the types of art, music belongs to abstract art. Music can make people pleasant and bring enjoyment of auditory sense to people.Music refer to an art include melody, rhythm ,harmony vocal and instrumental sounds.There is noRead MoreMusic : A Powerful Form Of Art1516 Words   |  7 PagesMusic is vitally important to countless people. As said by Frank Zappa, â€Å"without music to decorate it, time is just a bunch of boring production deadlines or dates by which bills must be paid.† Music brings art and creativity to a person’s life. Unlike, art or paintings or some theater, anyone can appreciate it. Simply, by tapping your foot to the beat, you are appreciating the art of music. Music is a powerf ul form of art. It motivates and inspires its listener. Music is like an indescribable forceRead MoreRap Music As An Art Form1295 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction â€Å"Rather than treat rap music as an art form whose primary purpose is to entertain, prosecutors have become adept at convincing judges and juries alike that the lyrics are either autobiographical confessions of illegal behavior or evidence of a defendant’s knowledge, motive, or identity with respect to the alleged crime† (Nielson and Kubrin 1). Recently, prosecutors have been using rap lyrics as evidence in a criminal case. Rap, a form of hip-hop, originated in the 1970’s in NewRead MoreAn Multidisciplinary Art Form Of Experimental Music Theatre Essay1988 Words   |  8 Pagesmultidisciplinary art form of Experimental Music Theatre is relatively new in the art world. It encompasses a wide range of musical and theatrical forms and styles and is often presented in unconventional venues. Similar to Wagner’s notion of Gesamtkunstwerk, Experimental Music Theatre seeks to integrate all the arts to create one complete art form. For Wagner, this ideal materi alized in his Operas, which he labelled music dramas. However, in contrast to Wagner’s dramas, where music, voice, poesy, paintingRead MoreMusic Is A Form Of Art In Which People Paint Pictures With1331 Words   |  6 PagesMusic is a form of art in which people paint pictures with their words and instruments. On April 19th I attended an amazing performance at Prince George’s Community college that was a prime example of this. The piano concert was a duet performed by Josiah Stocker and Hyeeum Hahm. They performed Vif, Modere and Brasileira by Darius Milhaud; Hoe-down, and Saturday Night Waltz by Aaron Copland; and VII. Waltz, V Rag, and VIII. A la Turk by Dave Brubeck. They played each piece beautifully but the enjoyedRead MoreMusic is one of many forms of art. There are varying types of music which consists of seven1300 Words   |  6 Pages Music is one of many forms of art. There are varying types of music which consists of seven different concepts. These concepts: rhythm, tone, beat, melody, harmony, expression, and structure, are the fundamental parts of music. These parts of music, with all of its characteristics, has been proven throughout history to change views of most humans on earth regardless of age race, sex, and nationality. The creation of music is still disputed; however its early forms consisted of simple beats, rhythmsRead MoreDid the Impact of the Beatles Sgt Pepper Album Help Redefine Popular Music as a Culturally Significant Art Form?4164 Words   |  17 PagesSgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band is first and foremost the album that gave rise to hopes of progress in pop music (The Times, 29 May 1967) Did the impact of the Beatles Sgt Pepper album help redefine popular music as a culturally significant art form? Summary of Assignment Choose an artist from the period 1900-1970 and to examine their relationship to the cultural and social framework of their era with reference to an important or influential album. Introduction In this essay IRead MoreThe Music Of Jazz Music1353 Words   |  6 PagesTo define jazz music, one must scroll through the lexicon of words associated with the sound of jazz to come up with a description of the art form. Words such as smooth, cool, nice, swinging, and jazzy describe the art form. However, because of the vague definition of its sound, there is no one true definition of the art form. Jazz is an art form that cannot be restrained. Jazz is like watching Michael Jordan go up for an ordinary slam dunk, but in midair, he changes his mind to do something completelyRead MoreRomanticism in Music1653 Words   |  7 Pagesearly twentieth century. Drastic changes in the arts took place over the course of this time period. During this movement, much emphasis was placed on emotion and imagination in the arts. Prior to the Romantic Period, music had been seen more as recreation and njoyment than as an integral part of culture. The term Romanticism was first used in England and Germany in reference to a form of literature. It soon after spread to music and the visual arts. Romanticism was largely a product of two importantRead MoreArt Songs and Schubert1542 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Art songs? The human voice is a natural instrument with unique capabilities. Speech and music have been combined since the earliest times, so that Song is probably one of the oldest musical forms. Simple definitions for song might be a piece of music performed by voice, with or without instrumental accompaniment, or a poem set to music. The German word for such classical song is Lied (singular) and Lieder (plural), so that you will hear the terms art song, lied and lieder used

Early American Education and Early Education Laws

â€Å"The philosophy of the ____schoolroom______ in one generation will be the philosophy of ____goverment________________ of the next.† – Abraham Lincoln EARLY AMERICAN EDUCATION Harvard Started by the Congregationalist, Harvard was founded as a school that trained men for the ministry of being a pastor (Barton, (2004)). Its philosophy was â€Å"Christ and the church and to the glory of God† (Barton, (2004)). This school produced great men such as Cushing, Pickering and many more that would lay a Godly foundation for education (Barton, (2004)). Yale Started by the Congregationalist, this too was founded as a school to train men for the ministry (Barton, (2004)). This school produced men that signed the Declaration of Independence as†¦show more content†¦Emma Willard Emma Willard was a pioneer in education for women in a time when it was believed that only men should be educated. She was a successful author of educational textbooks that were deeply rooted in the Bible. Her educational philosophy was that Christianity was important to public education. Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was the most significant educator in the African American community. He also headed the Tuskegee Institution and founded a Bible College to improve education for pastors. His school incorporated Biblical principles into every aspect of education (Barton, (2004)). Daniel Webster Daniel Webster had much influence on the educational system in America. He tried a case before the United State’s Supreme Court regarding a school in Philadelphia that had forbid religious leaders to be on the campus of the school. He believed that the Word of God was it was a force that would last to the end of time. He opposed any education that restricted the Bible from education (Barton, (2004)). MEASURING RESULTS OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES Martin Luther Martin Luther stated very well that if we do not teach the Word of God in public schools, then the schools would be so corrupt that children would be led to hell (Barton, (2004)). He believed that the Word of God would foster a society of goodness. His educational philosophy was â€Å"the Holy Scriptures must be taught in all publicShow MoreRelatedEssay How to Give American Students a Billingual Education1325 Words   |  6 PagesColumbus first said when stepping on American soil. Perhaps he said: â€Å"This land holds great promise.† Whatever he said the more fascinating question to ponder centers around what language did he speak, for Christopher Columbus, a multi-linguist, knew Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese. So what happened to the diversity of languages in this land of promise? Many foreigners contribute to the melting pot of America, bringing their culture and language, yet American schools continue to teach just one languageRead MoreThesis Statement : Hispanic Latino Ethnicity843 Words   |  4 PagesThesis Statement: While Hispanic/Latino graduation rates continue on an upward trend, they are still the second highest dropout rates amongst all minorities influenced by a lack of bilingual education programs, low participation in early childhood education programs and a lack of respect for the Hispanic/Latino culture are leading contributing factors to their continued high dropout rate. I. Many people in the United States are in denial as to the impact of the growing Hispanic/Latino populationRead MoreAmerican Education: The Afflicted System1210 Words   |  5 Pageschildren and education it is not surprising that the processes by which the next generation is being taught has become scrutinized on many occasions. American public education has been a major issue for almost as long as it has been around. Many movements and people have tried solutions that they believe will solve the problems with the education system. Some solutions had good intentions but were not implemented well. Other solutions had little to no benefits on the system. Education has taken theRead MoreEducation Is A Fundamental Right For Everyone965 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is a fundamental right for everyone. However is that right being challenged in today’s society? Are the rights of those who are entitled to fair education being infringed upon due to policy and funding? These con cerns are not only of today’s parents and future parents. These are also concerns of current students who are striving to obtain and maintain an education. Our economic standards are changing and could a fair education for the poor be on the brink of extinction? Extinction seemsRead MoreEducation Has Always Been An Imperative Aspect Of The1627 Words   |  7 PagesEducation has always been   an imperative aspect of the American identity. To be educated is to be successful. Despite the emphasis that is placed on education,   there are certain barriers that have stalled the equal distribution of knowledge. One of those major barriers is racism. The United States of America has had institutionalized racism in schools for decades; with more advantages being offered to white students instead of minorities. Thankfully, things have   greatly changed since the days ofRead MoreEssay about The Puritans1156 Words   |  5 Pages The Puritans were a religious g roup that came to North America in search of religious freedom, and, in the process, greatly impacted the North American church, government, education, social mores, and economy. Many of the things that they implemented in the first colonies are still seen today in the social and governmental structures of the United States. Their beliefs and traditions are still practiced today and many social mores are still being adhered to, even now. The PuritansRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe education of the young mind is an important step in preparing the child for future learning experiences. The evolution of early childhood education has changed how adults and parents view the importance of offering stimulating and exciting opportunities to the very young. Early childhood Education offers the young child learning experiences that benefit them throughout their educational career. They soon embark on a whole new world of learning. These children are not only experiencing standardRead MoreEssay Case Study: Early American Education826 Words   |  4 Pageswill be required to submit the completed chart during Module/Week 4. â€Å"The philosophy of the _____school room______________ in one generation will be the philosophy of ___government_________________ of the next.† – Abraham Lincoln Early American Education Harvard Harvard Directives to students were to study is to know God and Jesus which is eternal life (John 17:3) Harvard’s motto for â€Å"For Christ and the church â€Å"for the glory of Christ. Produced declaration signers: William Hooper, WilliamRead More Education Essay examples739 Words   |  3 PagesEducation nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In many different ways, American cultural life during the Jeffersonian Era began to appear as a reflection of the Republican vision of the future. The Republicans had observed many modernizing trends, some of them favorable and others detrimental to their view of an ideal society. American religion began to adjust to the spread of Enlightenment philosophies. However, one of the most notable alterations was the new emphasis placed upon education. As moreRead MoreThe Historical And Evolutionary Process That Occurred Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesColleges and Universities (HBCU’s), we must examine the historical and evolutionary process that occurred in early education. Education during the colonial period included a strong emphasis on the bible. Leaders wanted students to be able to read and apply biblical principles. Education was primarily used for ministerial purposes. Another primary purpose of education during the countries early development was to serve as a means of distinguishing class among its citizens. Although most educational

Gun Control Laws Throughout The United States - 1405 Words

Luis Alicea Mr. Wiglesworth ELA 8 Block 3 March 4, 2015 Gun Control Laws in the United States In the space separating 1982 and 2012 the U.S. had approximately sixty-two mass shootings. Just because of this statement gun control should be fortified in order to reduce crime rate. Gun control laws in the U.S. are too facile. An example of this is that you can walk into a Walmart with money and an I.D. and walk out with a handgun. There are restrictions to gun ownership but they are not enforced. Usually the opposing crowd who do not want to bolster gun control use the Second Amendment as an excuse to not agree with the idea that emphasizing gun control will help the U.S. in many ways. Gun control in the U.S. should and needs to be†¦show more content†¦In December 14, 2012 a devastating shooting out broke in Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown. This event awakened lawmakers, which started working hard in the direction of more security. In 1971 congress passed the second amendment which stated that â€Å"a well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† In the year 2016 this statement is generally, very debatable. One side of the party altercates that owning guns is a right that everyone should have because it is the same as the same as the plain right as self defense. The other party says that back when the second amendment was written the plan was of making a standing army. But now that the U.S. has a strong army and police force the amendment is obsolete. In 1968 the Gun Control Act was passed. This act let federal, state, and local law enforcement raise authority in controlling gun control in attempt to reduce crime. The act also said that it is illegal to market or supply firearms or ammunition to â€Å"any individual who the licensee knows or has reasonable cause to believe is less than eighteen years of age†. In 1993 another act that was passed was the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act which required the purchaser of a firea rm to complete a background check. Section 922 in the U.S. Code restricts categories of people from freighting, accepting, or owning firearms or ammunition. In 1994

Animal Testing Is A Significant Controversy Across The...

Animal testing is a substantial controversy across the nation. According to Rush, Catherine M. et al. â€Å"Animal Models to Investigate the Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Heart Disease.† Frontiers in Pediatrics 2 (2014): 116. PMC. Web. 27 Oct. 2016., animal testing has been around for quite some time. Her article states that â€Å"Animals have been used repeatedly throughout the history of biomedical research. Early Greek physician-scientists, such as Aristotle, (384 – 322 BC) and Erasistratus, (304 – 258 BC), performed experiments on living animals. Likewise, Galen (129 – 199 / 217 AD), a Greek physician who practiced in Rome and was a giant in the history of medicine, conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), an Arab physician in twelfth century Moorish Spain, introduced animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to hu man patients.† Nevertheless, it is still needed in today’s society. There are many reasons for why we need animal testing in our lives. One could be the sheer fact that small animals, such as mice or guinea pigs, provide us with a living organism, like ourselves (humans), to test and make the observations such as â€Å"if we did this, then that would happen†. Other considerable examples would be the testing made on living animals for the benefits of research into basic biology and diseases, evaluating the efficacy of new medicinalShow MoreRelatedFur Of The Fashion Industry1107 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding the use of animal furs in the fashion textile industry? When the learner was a little girl, she loved animal books and grew up reading the stories about Three Little Bears, Three Little Pigs, Little Red Riding Hood and fell in love with all these stories. Most notably there has always appeared to be a good guy and a villain and so as the learner grew she would always fight on th e side of the underdog; with this in mind, the older the learner became her love for animals and fashion also grewRead MoreThe Animal Of Animal Welfare Act1851 Words   |  8 Pages Animal Welfare Act Casandra Sasaki Eagle High School Abstract The Animal Welfare Act, passed in 1966, establishes guidelines for the protection of animals used for research and other purposes, defines the requirements for facilities housing those animals, and outlines the procedures for inspection and maintenance of those facilities by government entities. This paper explores the pros and cons of the act as well as the effectiveness of the guidelines and their enforcement. FinallyRead MoreThe Issue Of Animal Experimentation Essay3299 Words   |  14 PagesCool† The issue of animal experimentation has been hotly debated in regards to many aspects of the problem, such as the rights of the animals and the beneficial results that come from animal experimentation. In the year of 1989, the United States Supreme Court ruled the first victory for pro-animal welfare in the Silver Spring Monkey case when seventeen monkeys had been held captive under inadequate living conditions, and were subject to experimentation that was deemed animal abuse (peta.org). ForRead MoreThe Body Shop, Corporate Social Responsibility Essay6824 Words   |  28 PagesAssignment Corporate Social Responsibility Analysis of The Body Shop Date 29 January 2010 Word Count 5477 Grade 75% Table of Contents Preamble 1 Introduction 1 Corporate Social Responsibility 2 Opposition to Animal Testing 3 Support for Community Trade 6 Environmental Protection 9 Evaluation 11 Conclusion 13 References 16 Appendix 1 20 Preamble The objective of this piece of work is to undertake a critical analysis of the cosmetics companyRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )3037 Words   |  13 Pagesgenetically modified organisms has had a broad impact among nutrition research and biotechnology (Herman 2003). Even though the use of genetically modified crops is not considered to be relatively new, recently the media has seized control over the controversies regarding the use of genetically modified organisms. Overall, it is important that food, whether developed by conventional means or through biotechnology, such as genetic modification be safe and free from major health risks for the American societyRead MoreThe Hidden Monster On The Shelf3211 Words   |  13 Pagesdevelop further testing possibilities of new diseases caused by GMOs, consider the effects of a GMOs based economy, and let the public understand fully what GMOs really are. Furthermore, GMOs are found in a long list of foods that are consumed daily. Along with the GMOs come the dangers they pose to humans. The American Academy of Environmental Medicine reported that GMOs could eventually cause immune problems and accelerated aging (Smith). Along with this notion, some animal studies showed directRead MoreIs Biotechnology A Vital Issue That Impacts All Of Us?2562 Words   |  11 Pagesthat impacts all of us. Development of genetically modified organisms is one of the highest achievements of this technology (Khan, et al. 2012). Due to global population growth there is a rising threat to food security. According to the United Nations Food and agriculture Organization (FAO) the widely accepted definition of Food security is that food is available at all times; that all persons have means of access to it; that it is nutritionally adequate in terms of quantity, quality and variety;Read MoreAmerican Vs. Russian Space Program2237 Words   |  9 Pagesand promote the space program. When Roscosmos and NASA joined together, other countries of the program increased their efforts, however the United States and Russia continued to dominate the majority of the construction of the ISS. Though the two nations competed against one another, each hoping to gain victory, the majority of society remains unaware that the idea, which initiated the Space Race, arose from a Nazi rocket developer Wernher von Braun. â€Å"From his teenage years, von Braun had held a keenRead MoreLas 432 Research Paper: Gmos20901 Words   |  84 Pagesorganisms that live within it. The thesis of this report is that Genetically Modified Organisms have distinct benefits with the potential to help starving nations, combat disease and create economic growth; however the research and true benefits to humans in general is underdeveloped and under-regulated. This uncertainty leads to controversy, possible environmental impacts and health concerns. An idea good in concept, Genetically Modified Organisms creates a topic of discussion and the necessityRead MoreThe Controversy Over Genetically Modified Foods ( GMOs) Essay2221 Words   |  9 PagesThe Controversy Over Genetically-modified Foods The genetic engineering of foods has, in one sense, been in existence for hundreds of years. The first time Gregor Mendel bred different varieties of pea plants to observe the various traits present in their offspring, the concept was born. Today, genetic engineering has developed into one of the most complex and advanced fields of scientific thinking, all the while provoking many questions and acquiring many opponents along the way. While there

The change in marriage and divorce figures over a 20 year period Free Essays

In this essay I will look at the change in marriage and divorce figures over a 20 year period. I will look mainly at the area of divorce and how this may have affected the relationships within marriage, within my chosen time scale, to explore how a changing society may have resulted in the breakdown (or choice to not undertake) marriage. I have looked at data from 1978 and then at 1998 from the official statistics for these two areas. We will write a custom essay sample on The change in marriage and divorce figures over a 20 year period or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will look at data from two separate years, only twenty years apart to show what changes if any can be seen in such a small time scale. The data I will use is taken from the ‘Office of Population Censuses Surveys’. Marriage and divorce Statistics (1980 1998). I have converted them to percentages, to make them easer to understand and rounded them to the nearest 0. 01%. I have not included the widowed figures in this essay! As this is not a choice like divorce or marriage. Looking back over the divorce rates and how they have changed, showed that from as far back as 1901 to the late 1960’s with only a small increase from the 60’s to the late 1970’s. Divorce rates were quite consistent from 1. 4% to 2%. Then between the late 1970’s to today a huge leap. Between 1978 and 1980, there was a vast amount of movement in the rights of women in respect of work and benefits rights. As well as social changes in respect of how divorce and signal mothers were viewed. Was there a shift from a patriarchy society? Women became able to function in society without a man or marriage. So what do the stats show? In 1978 Looking across all (adult) age groups, 50. 5% were marred, 40. % were single. With those divorced showing only 2. 1%, the figures for 1998 show that 43. 7% were single, with only 42. 8% marred. This shows one area of change, less people getting marred, although the figures do not indicate those living together unmarried (which raises the question of value placed on the position or marriage in today’s society). When we look at the figures for divorce in 1978 then at 1998, the change is easy to see. In 1978 only 2. 1% of adults were divorced, only 20 years later it was 6. % an increase of 4. 7% more. The years after the war up to 1978 showed only a small difference form the 1945 to 1978, only 0. 5%. Yet in this 20 year section there is a rapid increase, the figures also shows an increase of remarriages. If we take away those remarried, the divorce rate is 10%. The age people marry today has also changed, 26. 8 % in 1978 were marred by 25 years old. By 1998 this had dropped to only 10. 3%. And later in life, age 65 to 70 years of age. Over 51% marred in 1998 as apposed to 29. 3% in 1978. The figures show in 1978 marriage lasted longer with less ending in divorce, by 1998 marriage was ‘later in life’, with more chance of divorce, and this also raised the amount of 2nd marriages. NOTE:[Divorce rates did jump between 1972 and 1972 but this is could be argued was a result of the Divorce Reform Act of 1969] The way we record ‘what is’ a family unit has been forced to change with less people marrying; a family in the 70’s was; â€Å"a social unit consisting of a wife, husband and dependent children† (Huges Fergusson 2000, P49) Whereas today; â€Å"a family is defined as a marred or cohabiting couple, with or with out their never married children (who have no children of their own), or a loan parent with such children. People living alone are not considered to form a family† (social trends, 1999, P43) In 1997 there were only 310,000 marriages altogether, this was the lowest recorded figures of the 20th century, and more divorces were brought by women on the grounds of ‘unreasonable behavior’ some 70% (ONS, 2000, p. 9) This is could be argued marks a change with women now making sociality move away from a patriarchal ideology, some commentators in the 70’s talked of marriage moving towards one of symmetry; Michael Young and peter Willmott argued that women no longer needed the ‘male bread winner’, and with more legal support and better rights in/access to employment, the relationships within marriage hade to change, Young and Willmott said; this symmetry could be seen in division of labor in the home, with the old distinction between men’s and women’s jobs becoming increasingly blurred, a shift to joint decision making, and increasing sheared social life† Young and Willmott 1973 p. 343) So not only the way the family unit is seen in society has changed, it could be argued, but the relationships within marriage undergone change. In this small gap of 20 years, women it could be argued have more control, no longer has the man got more power then the woman in the home relationship. Of course this is not true of the ‘older generation’, although with social change each generation brings its own values to the front. We can see today with marriage declining, more ending in divorce, modern society places less value on marriage than there parents did. Old moral values are been eroded away, for a faster consumer orientated society. Things are for today and out of fashion next week. It would seam that if current trends continue as they have from 1978 to 1998; will anybody both to get married in 30 years time. Will relationships become more of a casual affair? Will women gain more control than men with in relationships. Women with the emergence of things such as ‘the pill’, sperm banks for single [potential mothers] women. The position of men within society us under more pressure and question the more we move into the ‘new’ modern equal society. How to cite The change in marriage and divorce figures over a 20 year period, Papers

Business Proposal for KFC-Free-Sample for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Business Proposal for any significant Organisational Issue. It could be any hypothetical or real issue in the Organisation. Answer: Introduction A business proposal is an aim of preparing and sending the tender to business for attracting the managers and directors to accept the offer and benefiting both the parties. The business proposal involves the ideas which are needed by an organisation to achieve upgrading. There is a set format of business proposal. Focusing on the current report the organisation selected is KFC and organisational issues are figured out and opportunities are created out of it. Initially, entire issues are discussed in the structure of business proposal which states the enhancement of quality in certain franchising, the inauguration of paper bag manufacturing machine could be initiated to curb the expenses that were generated while purchasing these bags from Wendys. QMS registration could be made by paying registration fees. Appropriate software should be opted for carrying out better research and development. The new outlet should be opened in South America for expansion purpose and adding things to the menu for attracting more consumers and increasing customer loyalty. Appropriate cost estimation on tendered ideas is constructed and timelines are set so that work gets accomplished within the tenure. Involvement of project manager is discussed and benefits on inculcating the changes are analysed followed by a conclusion. Lastly, it could be cultivated that an organisation like KFC also requires certain organisational changes in order to grow and achieve heights. Major challenges should be initiated so that new routes get opens and area of opportunities broadens up. Structure Kentucky Fried Chicken popularly known as KFC was initiated in the year 1930. The outlet was basically a service station located in Corbin, Kentucky. Harland Sanders, a 40 years old man used to serve the travellers who halt by the place for attaining gas service. Sanders serve the southern-style chicken to travellers. Slowly and gradually the fame of Harlands chicken spread in the entire city and crossed boundaries. People used to travel distances to enjoy Sanders special chicken. For the nine long years, Sanders learn about improving the dish even more and getting clarity upon the usage of 11 herbs and spices. The technique of preparing the food was improved and these ingredients and recipes are used till date. By the passing year around 20,500 outlets of KFC were opened in about 125 countries of the world[1] (KFC, 2017). In Australia, the restaurant was opened in the year 1968 in Guildford, NSW. At the initial stage, it got started with 25 employees. Now the scenario is such that about 612 outlets are opened in Australia. About 160 stores of KFC are owned by KFC and the remaining outlets are handled under the franchisees. There are around 30,000 Australian natives appointed to work in these outlets holding the strength of about 2 million and more customer base weekly[2] (KFC, 2016). KFC is the fastest growing fast food chain after McDonalds and is famous for its quality chicken and secret recipes it follows from years. Though being at the top there are certain organisational issues that KFC faces, focussing which will increase the ladder of success. First of all, KFC lacks on the part of research and development. There are certain franchises that are not delivering a quality product, therefore these outlets are to be figured out and corrective actions must be taken so that brand image not gets affected. Another issue that KFC faces is they do not have their original packaging criteria. The bags used for packing food stuff are taken from Wendys restaurant. For such packaging, purpose makes option can be selected instead of buying to save the remaining cost. Since KFC is famous for its chicken but they should try the expertise in other food material as well. Many vegetarians, as well as non-vegetarian variety, can be initiated. The focus should be paid on dishes o f fish as well by setting a new benchmark and achieving the target. The expansion is required in South America to increase the market share[3] (Kasi, n.d.). Costs (estimated) On considering the requirements and issues that organisation is facing it could be decided to construct an estimated cost that needs to be incurred while implementing the changes[4] (ACCA global, 2017). As far as research and development are considered appropriate training should be rendered to the concerned department. External can be appointed for the time being to make the staff learn about better research. Fresh talent can also be invited to fulfil the gap. For that recruitment and selection cost will be incurred or the option of employment exchange can be selected so that work shall be diverted and the only certain amount is to be paid to employment agencies and requirements are demonstrated to them. Another exposure is to improve the quality of the food served. Quality check is made and QMS should be adopted. Certification from ISO9001:2015 should be gained[5] (Greendot, n.d.). For acquiring the QMS certification $5000-$ 50,000 is charged as registration fees though it is an ex pensive treat involves the entire documentation and training program which is way more beneficial. Also, there is a requirement to manufacture own packing bag which is a one-time investment which can be recovered. For that bag manufacturing machine need to be implanted and human resource is required to operate the machine and renders output. Therefore the cost of manufacturing along with the hiring of people gets cumulated which costs around USD 80,000[6] (India mart, 2017). Also, there is a need to add some more variety other than chicken as well. As the company has mastered in preparing chicken by following the age old secret recipe there for the recipes related to fish and beef could also be introduced. Deep understanding of customers taste should be noted and a list of dishes should be prepared and according to varieties, the budget is set. This costs minimal and raises up the standard of KFC even higher. Along with that KFC should focus on achieving the market at South America as well. There less number of outlets prevailing in South America and the market is healthy enough to gain the portion by ensuring growth and development along with the expansion. For that purpose again the need for research and development will be there. For opening up, new outlet capital will be required. Capital can be managed either from the reserves of the company which will be beneficial for the entire organisation. Another option is to render loan and pay timely interes t upon it, this may be a costly avenue but once the franchising gets flourished and profit maximisation takes place things will settle on place slowly and gradually. Opening an outlet is risky measure but risks and growth are interdependent. More risk more will be the profit which results in development. For opening new outlet location needs to be select which should be within the reach of customers [7](Bishop, 2016). New hiring will be made and warehouse is required to store the stuff for future usage. Promotional activities will be conducted along with adequate transport which should favour the home delivery procedure as well[8] (Restaurant owner.com, 2017) Items Cost estimation Involving advanced RD software $60 Hiring employees for RD, operating machine and staff for a new outlet. $7,500 Purchasing and implanting paper bag manufacturing machine. $80,000 Obtaining ISO 9001 certification. $25,000 Equipment for preparing the new menu. $4,000 Opening outlets in South America: Total start-up cost (including land purchase). Start-up cost per sq. ft. (including land). $7,50,000 $170 Warehousing cost $5,00,000 Total estimation $1,366,730 Timelines To settle the above-mentioned issues around 2 years are required. Certain issues are such which are easily initiated while some require time for settling in the organisation. Research and development can be immediately implemented in around 2 days. The hiring of fresh talent is a bit time consuming but the installation of software is not the issue. For purchasing paper bag manufacturing machine comparison should be made this might take fortnight or more. For adding the new varieties in the menu again research will take place, which dish to be added will be discussed with the kitchen management and board of directors. Accordingly, ingredients are arranged and imported if needed. This may take a couple of months for completion. Afterwards, QMS certification is achieved which might require time for completion of entire process, documentation and training required for attaining relevant quality. Lastly, new opening will require most of the time. For new opening in South America first of all location need to be accessed, a warehouse near the outlet is selected, better transport facility is chosen. Around a year time will be required in making research, analysing market, choosing a suitable location to establish the outlet. After confirming the place and accomplishing the paper work, construction of the workplace get started; furniture and fittings, lightings, water supply and multiple essentials are completed. For final settlement and inauguration, another round year will be spent this way for complete settlement of new outlet 2 years estimated time will be required[9] (Project a to z, 2017). Involvement in the project Being a project manager for this project the role played was to render the idea to directors for expansion and growth. The internal and external market was studies and competitors move was analysed. Customer preferences were given priority and information was gathered by making consumers fill the feedback form. From the data collected through experts and consumers, immediate action towards the organisational issues was taken. The idea to introduce the new dishes to the existing menu was initiated. Hiring work was allotted to the human resource department for the selected field. QMS was introduced and the standardised chart was made to follow. Comparison for purchasing manufacturing machine was done and suitable cost effective machinery for packaging got selected for the organisation. The thereafter research was made upon opening a new outlet in the developing areas of America. The strategy to capture the market was made. Location for opening the new franchising was finalised, the lan d was purchased and construction work took place where site duty was given as well. Recruitment at that outlet was also done to appoint competent and confidential staff[10] (Anantatmula, 2010). Benefits of the proposal From the above proposal, it could be derived that when organisational issues are figured out and fixed by following the adequate steps company will definitely face benefits. The cost will be incurred and some require heavy cost as well but results are more than the invested amount[11] (Berry, 2013). Considering the above proposal if benefits are counted, out of it various changes and challenges will be achieved. First of there will be clarity in the mind of staff that what will be the wise step for the organisation. This will be achieved with the help of appropriate research and development. Secondly, when paper bag manufacturing will take place in the organisation than by the passing time the cost of machinery will be covered up and the machine will turn out to be the fixed asset delivering profits which were earlier diverted to Wendys. With the increasing staff efficiency of the organisation will get increased. When more varieties of fish will get added to the menu of KFC than the sea food lovers will get attracted as well enhancing the customer base. Accordingly, consumer loyalty will also increase. This would result in expansion as well as development will take place[12] (Smith, 2017). On opening, the new outlet in South America expansion will take place and popularity gets an increase. The organisation will be able to explore and establish in the new market. With the opening of new franchising competition among the existing outlets and similar business will take place. If the competition is healthy in nature then chances of growth of all the outlets will take place. Lastly, on achieving ISO 9001 Certification for QMS; the authenticity of the organisation increases thereby trust with the company will also enhance. Rendering of quality automatically expands the brand image and faith among the consumers. Conclusion Thus, from the above business proposal, it could be concluded that there is a various organization that prevails in the market carrying divergent organisational issues. The organisation selected here is Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) whose organisational issues are figured out and corrective actions are taken. Thereafter structure for proposal is designed and the cost was estimated. Timelines were marked to accomplish the project on time. Being a project manager the contribution is briefly discussed and at the end benefit of the proposal to the business is described. To apply the changes and resolving organisational issues deep study in regards to changes will be made and minute aspects are considered to avoid adverse condition and initiate smooth functioning of the organisation. References ACCA global, Target costing and lifecycle costing, 2017, https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f5/technical-articles/target-lifestyle.html,(accessed on 7th August 2017). Anantatmula. V.S., Project manager leadership role in improving project performance, Engineering Management Journal, vol.22, no.1, 2010, p.13-23. Berry. T., 10 business plan benefits you might be forgetting, 2013, https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/228220, (accessed on 8th August 2017). Bishop. R., KFC to open more than 500 new outlets across UK: find out where your nearest restaurant will be, 2016, https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/kfc-open-more-500-new-8788444, (accessed on 8th August 2017). Greendot, ISO 9001 quality management system, n.d., https://greendot.co.in/iso-9001-quality-management-system/, (accessed on 7th August 2017). India mart, Fully automatic paper bags making machine, 2017, https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/fully-automatic-paper-bags-making-machine.html, (accessed on 7th August 2017). Kasi, KFC Swot analysis, n.d., https://marketingmixx.com/marketing-basics/swot-analysis-marketing-basics/174-kfc-swot-analysis.html, (accessed on 7th august 2017). KFC, About KFC Australia, 2016, https://www.kfc.com.au/kfc-australia, (accessed on 7th August 2017). KFC, What made us great is still what makes us great, n.d., https://www.kfc.com/about, (accessed on 7th August 2017). Projects A to Z, How to develop a successful restaurant construction schedule, 2017, https://www.projectsatoz.com/info-library/restaurant-project-plan-info-library/how-to-develop-a-successful-restaurant-construction-schedule.html, (accessed on 8th August 2017). Restaurant owner.com, Industry survey: how much does it cost to open a restaurant? 2017, https://www.restaurantowner.com/public/How-Much-Does-it-Cost-to-Open-a-Restaurant.cfm, (accessed on 8th august 2017). Smith. C., What are the benefits of preparing a business plan? 2017, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-preparing-business-plan-2702.html, (accessed on 8th August 2017). KFC, What made us great is still what makes us great, n.d., https://www.kfc.com/about, (accessed on 7th August 2017). KFC, About KFC Australia, 2016, https://www.kfc.com.au/kfc-australia, (accessed on 7th August 2017). Kasi, KFC Swot analysis, n.d., https://marketingmixx.com/marketing-basics/swot-analysis-marketing-basics/174-kfc-swot-analysis.html, (accessed on 7th august 2017). ACCA global, Target costing and lifecycle costing, 2017, https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f5/technical-articles/target-lifestyle.html,(accessed on 7th August 2017). , ISO 9001 quality management system, n.d., https://greendot.co.in/iso-9001-quality-management-system/, (accessed on 7th August 2017). India mart, Fully automatic paper bags making machine, 2017, https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/fully-automatic-paper-bags-making-machine.html, (accessed on 7th August 2017). Bishop. R., KFC to open more than 500 new outlets across UK: find out where your nearest restaurant will be, 2016, https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/kfc-open-more-500-new-8788444, (accessed on 8th August 2017). Restaurant owner.com, Industry survey: how much does it cost to open a restaurant? 2017, https://www.restaurantowner.com/public/How-Much-Does-it-Cost-to-Open-a-Restaurant.cfm, (accessed on 8th august 2017). Projects A to Z, How to develop a successful restaurant construction schedule, 2017, https://www.projectsatoz.com/info-library/restaurant-project-plan-info-library/how-to-develop-a-successful-restaurant-construction-schedule.html, (accessed on 8th August 2017). Anantatmula. V.S., Project manager leadership role in improving project performance, Engineering Management Journal, vol.22, no.1, 2010, p.13. Berry. T., 10 business plan benefits you might be forgetting, 2013, https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/228220, (accessed on 8th August 2017). Smith. C., What are the benefits of preparing a business plan? 2017, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-preparing-business-plan-2702.html, (accessed on 8th August 2017).

Financial Issues

Question: Write an essay on Financial Issues? Answer: Historical Summary of SOX Enactment: The SOX Act was enacted due to corporate chaos like Adelphia, WorldCom. The Congress was pressurized from the public to address the unruly behavior of the executives of the companies engaged in public trade. The main aim of the act was to increase the confidence of the people on the financial market. The scandals also led to the shameless disrespect of the Generally Accepted Accounting Practices. The loss that accrued to WorldCom in 2001 was covered by a sum of 3.8 billion dollars. There was also an overstatement of profit of 586 million dollars by Enron. The investors were fooled by this overstatement of profits and this resulted in plummeting of the stock prices of the company. The obvious results led to company being bankrupt and investors losing in millions. Life savings of the employees of Enron was lost due to the bankruptcy (Anand, 2007). Arthur Anderson who was the audit firm of the company also became bankrupt. After the SEC had started an inquiry over Enron, Anderson reveal ed all the documents of the company. Tyco scandal was due to immoral and unethical behavior of the corporate firms. The CEO and CFO of the company Tyco was caught stealing 150 million dollars of the company (Sherman Chambers, 2009). The family of Rigas was caught stealing 3.1 billion dollar and was supported by Adelphia. There was overstatement of capital expenses and hiding of debt by Adelphia. The jury of the federal court convicted CEO and CFO of the company Adelphia on the charges of looting about 100 million dollars, concealing an amount of 2 billion dollars in debt and revealing false financial and operational details to the public (Anand Tarantino, 2010). There were similar other stories like this that showed that the abuse of power by the corporate. The Act Sarbanes-Oxley was presented by Senator Paul Sarbanes who happens to be a Democrat from Maryland and Michael Oxley, a Congress man from Ohio the bull was signed by the former president George Washington Bush on 30 July 2002. Ethical components of SOX: The key components of SOX are the need to produce Code of Ethics for the senior financial members and also the mechanisms of enforcement. The auditors coming from outside should given tenure of maximum five years and then consider a rotation for them. The other significant factors that need to be considered are independence of directors, responsibility of audit, nomination of committees and providing compensation, ethics guidelines, control and procedure disclosures, control over internal reports of finance etc (Valentin Dijksman Chiche, 2000). Before the SOX implementation the committee of Audit took the responsibility of accuracy of finance with due respect to internal control of finance. The independent auditor of the company is chosen by the committee of Audit rather than the CEO of the company (Brewer, 2006). The committee of audit was appointed by the Board of Directors after the enactment of the SOX act. Before the SOX enactment it was the responsibility of the CEO to choose the committee members of Audit. This, as a result, has prevented many conflicts to be based on interests. In case of Tyco, the CEO has also become the Board of Directors Chairman. This led him to take advantage of his powers and was successful in looting the company of its resources. Criticism arose on the part of the Board of Directors for not taking proper actions regarding this (Garner, McKee McKee, 2008). After the SOX enactment, the committee of audit assisted the board of directors to take a look over the finances. The responsibilities and duties of the committee of audit was to look into the financial reporting, monitoring the reporting and independence of the individual auditors of the company and maintain a communication with the board of directors, the management and the individual auditors. When then Board of Directors and the auditors meet they generally discuss on how well they are meeting the requirement of the SOX Act. The company must follow the sections of 404 and 302. According to section 302, the CEO needs to leave the control on internal auditing and financial statements of accuracy (Jackson Fogarty, 2005). Section 404 defines on how the management can take up control in assessing the internal control. Social Responsibility on the publication of Corporate Ethics: The Act suggests that individual companies should enlist some Code of Ethics to be followed the senior officers of finance (Orin, R.M, 2008). The officers of the company must be socially responsible towards the customers, employees, stakeholders, and stockholders. The corrupt steps taken by the companys officers led to spoiling of the reputation of the company and also hurt the sentiments of the employees and the investors. The aim of the SOX act was to prevent the harmful actions of the company to affect the society. There are instances that showed that SOX had a significant effect. The most evident fact was no revelation of corporate scandal since the year 2002 . In a forum in New York, Senator Sarbanes and other debated on whether the act was successful or not (Kaplan Kiron, 2004). He said in the COMMIT Forum that it was a very necessary safety instrument that made investors trusts the statement of finances. The law helped in solving the accounting problems and also helped in une arthing the problems in the system. The act helped in forming independent board of directors according to Zhu, Zhang and Ding. A study by them on 500 companies that included 64 different industries showed CSR with the presence of women directors and outside directors. According to Krishnamurthy and Cohen, the SOX Act has been effective but they feel that its too much focused on the directors of the board to the rules of accounting. This has led the act to miss out on the 2008s financial crisis. Too much focus on the requirements of SOX led to less focus on the corporate strategies and also the things related to technology advancement in relation to business environment. This also leads to the question that what social responsibility motives would be. The main motive would be to earn profits. Through profits, the company can continue to pay its employees and provide dividends to its shareholders so that they are not affected by the poor decisions of business and will help in continue d investment in the economy. SOX have affected the CSR as it sees profit as the best way to help the society. Criticism related to unfair burden of the Act on the small firms: With the enactment of the SOX law, the critics felt that it was a burden on the public companies. It was a costly affair for the company to comply with the sections 302 and 404. It was a common affair to have accounting cost of more than a million dollar (NAWA, 2007). The biotech companies felt difficulty in meeting these costs. The cost of capitalization was 15 million dollar for the company and no revenue. The small companies also faced the burden of the costs due to the implementation of the SOX Act. The companys with less than a billion evaluations was suggested to move out from SOX according to the new law. The companies were also exempted for the first five years after their IPO. The person who favors the Act says the benefits have outweighed the cost. This has improved the investors position and also led to financial reporting reliability. This Act has also aroused the awareness on ethical issues among CEO, auditors, directors of the board and the employees. The critics want t he SOX Act to be revised so that it becomes favorable to the small companies. SEC softened few requirements and also pushed the deadlines back for a few companies. It was suggested that the Act was valid and was best suited to the interest of the country (Karanja Zaveri, 2014). Congress agreed to the conditions of the SOX Act. It was found by Martin, Newman and Akhigbe that the SOXs wealth effect favored the large firms that gained benefit from an asymmetry of information. While, for the small firms it was less favorable as it involved a higher cost of compliances. There were two modes of engaging stakeholders as per Simmons and Mason. The two modes are Habermasian and Ethical Strategists. The approach of the Habermasian required the importance to be placed on ethical purity rather than cost. The approach of Ethical Strategies suggests that there should not be any differences between strategy and morality. Suggestions related to SOX legislation improvement: A suggestion to improve the SOX legislation is to remove all the interests that aroused conflicts. The SOX does not allow the audit firms to provide consulting services. This is a very good step that has been adopted because Andersen less revenue from the services and more revenue from consulting. Still there are conflicts of interests. This was reflected by the newly formed PCAOB. The appointment of the five-member group was not done by the president (Kessel M., 2011). The decision to hire and fire vested on the SEC. This led to a violation of the Separation of Powers as suggested by Sarbanes in 2008. It was felt that as PCAOB was the governments arm so it would be better if the President appointed the board members. The other ways to improve the SOX is concerns on the five-year tenure of Auditors and then a rotation. A better way of rotating was to include rotation of the entire firm. The area that has already shown an improvement is the protection of the Whistleblowers. They are been provided protection by the Whistleblowers office of SEC, reforms of The Dodd-Frank Wall Street and Consumers Protection Act of 2010. The employers can no longer make any discrimination against the whistleblower according to the law. A report can be filed by the Whistleblowers anonymously. The Dodd-Frank Act gave more provisions to the whistleblowers under the SOX Act by including the public companys employees and also the employees of the private affiliates and subsidiaries. There was an enhancement of the legislation of the Whistleblowers recently (Lahti Peterson, 2005). The US Supreme Court stated in 4th March, 2014 that the protections of the Whistleblowers were not only for the employees of the public companie s but also for the employees whose contractors are owned by private companies and employees of subcontractors of public companies (Mesa Graziano, 2003). The legislation on the whistle-blowing led to the fight against the corruption by the corporate in the United States. The other way to improve SOX was the revisions proposed in 2012 by Sarbanes that would help the companies that is private to go public. More revisions in the SOX Act must be formulated so that the costs of SOX can be borne by the small companies. References Anand, S. (2007). Essentials of Sarbanes-Oxley. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Anand, S., Tarantino, A. (2010). Sarbanes Oxley in leading economies. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Brewer, D. (2006). Security controls for Sarbanes-Oxley section 404 IT compliance. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub. Garner, D., McKee, D., McKee, Y. (2008). Accounting and the global economy after Sarbanes-Oxley. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Jackson, P., Fogarty, T. (2005). Sarbanes-Oxley for nonprofits. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Kaplan, R., Kiron, D. (2004). Accounting Fraud at WorldCom. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School. Karanja, E., Zaveri, J. (2014). Ramifications of the Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) Act on IT governance.International Journal Of Accounting Information Management, 22(2), 134-145. doi:10.1108/ijaim-02-2013-0017 Kessel M., K. (2011). Sarbanes-Oxley over burdens biotech companies. Lahti, C., Peterson, R. (2005). Sarbanes-Oxley. Rockland, MA: Syngress Pub. Mesa Graziano, C. (2003). Best practices of Sarbanes-Oxley implementation. Florham Park, N.J.: Financial Executives Research Foundation. NAWA, K. (2007). Sequestered science and SOX Act for scientific research. Journal Of Information Processing And Management, 50(6), 367-368. doi:10.1241/johokanri.50.367 Orin, R.M, O. (2008). Ethical guidance and constraint under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Sherman, W., Chambers, V. (2009). SOX as Safeguard and Signal: The Impact of The Sarbanesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Oxley Act of 2002 on US Corporations Choice to List Abroad. Multinational Business Review,17(3), 163-180. doi:10.1108/1525383x200900022Valentin Dijksman, L., Chiche, F. (2000). Worldcom. Paris: Eurostaf.

Reconciling the surplus labor with the law of value

The law of value of a commodity refers to the total number of person-hours used in order to produce a particular good or service, under the normal working conditions, with the provision of the necessary equipment or machinery. This also takes into account the work force input, the raw materials and the tear and wear of the machinery used in production. Surplus labor is also that labor that was not a necessary input in production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reconciling the surplus labor with the law of value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Karl Marx argued that the amount of input in the production of goods or services should be equivalent to the amount of monetary returns. Therefore, the amount of person-hours used in production and delivery of these commodities determines the value of a good or service. Marx continues to argue that capital originated from trade with the aim of making a profit. The labor ou ght to be equally distributed, and so were the profits from the labor. Simulating this in the economy where approximately two percent of the population control about ninety-five percent of the nation’s wealth, clearly demonstrates Marx’s argument. They insisted that all employees within a company should get an equal share of the company proceeds generated monthly. This would ensure fairness and equal distribution of resources across the entire staff and, therefore, act as an incentive for everybody to work harder and together to achieve more. Marx had a profound understanding of how capitalism cripples its own societal foundation. He anticipated a change in the current economy and the way of life. His conclusion was that capitalism would push the middle class into a situation comparable to the shaky existence of the hard-pressed workers during his time. Currently, the growth and build up of fulfilling careers are no longer a focus point for the minority alone, but rath er a broader group. People have revolutionized from struggling month-to-month and living on insecure wages. They have devised a way of cushioning themselves from economic shakeups in terms of savings, owning a house and even a decent pension, which enables them to plan their lives without fear. The wealth spread across working class, and the vastness of democracy, everybody can remain middle class with contentment. The argument that labor is the sole creator of wealth was obstructed by the existing system of unequal exchanges, where the owners of the economic power and advantage appropriated part of the labor. According to Marx, the development dialectic started from man and nature where man was initially an integral part of nature.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Man being a dynamic being had the distinctive capability of struggling with and against nature of ultimately tra nsforming nature for his own purpose. The clue to the labor conditions shift lay in the successive modes of production, which was characterized by division of labor, technical forms and different forms of social relations of production between human beings and classes. This historical conception applied to a particular economic system and approached the matter form an angle of production conditions. They included ownership or nonownership of the production means, and the respective effects of these factors upon the behavior of social classes. Marx placed labor as a human, productive activity and made it the foundation of explanation for the exchange significance. Theoretically, it is hard to comprehend the Karl Max law of value since he did not take into account issues like market trends, consumer spending, fluctuating value of currency, financial securities and public finance. Several pinholes from the labor theory emerge in the regulation rule between value of goods and services s old and the cost of production in general. It attempts to identify the causes of the relationship between the law of value and economy, which only regards to labor as the actual tool of commodity value. It only involves the value obtained from the production and delivery of the goods or services including their trade value. All the same, each of Marx’s theories brings out a different dimension of the social reality of the contemporary world. There are systematic connections among the three dimensions, where domination and exploitation are interlinked. It is irrefutable, however, that a group of individuals remains privileged by both systems. The logic in this is that in the contemporary world, the inequalities seen in the economy currently suggest that there is exploitation of some individuals. The large proportion of the wealth created flows to a small, privileged group, which implies domination on the society by a small segment of the society commonly referred to as the rul ing elite. Marx described this situation as alienation, which in the contemporary society shows a growing sense of lack of value. It is true that capitalism relies on free labor and freedom of assets and a system of free exchange. The question of exploitation is, therefore, apparent in the privilege of ownership and production means, which gives the owners chance to set the wages at a level that permits the creation of profits and the laborer has no control over that.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reconciling the surplus labor with the law of value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Reconciling the surplus labor with the law of value was written and submitted by user Jad1el to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Congress Of Vienna Essays - Knights Of The Golden Fleece

The Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna was an international peace conference for the countries of Europe. The goals of the Congress of Vienna were to have peace throughout Europe and have no wars or fights. The Congress was formed because there had been many wars in the past. The Congress of Vienna was made mostly of conservatives, but had some liberals as well. Some of the influential leaders were Czar Alexander I of Russia, King Frederick William III of Prussia, Lord Castlereagh who was the British foreign minister, and Prince Klemens von Metternich who was the Austrian foreign minister. The Congress of Vienna attained peace in Europe by doing a number of things. One way they attained this is using legitimacy, which is restoring the royal families to their throne. One example is that the Congress recognized Louis XVIII as the legitimate king of France. Another way they attained peace in Europe is restoring the balance of power between the countries in Europe. To do this, they reduced France to its 1790 frontiers, and they strengthened the countries on the borders of France. Also, to the north of France, the Dutch and Austrian Netherlands were united into a single country called the Netherlands, which was ruled by a Dutch king. To the east, 39 German states were loosely joined into the German Confederation, headed by Austria. The Congress also recognized Switzerland as an independent nation. It also strengthened the kingdom of Sardinia in northern Italy by giving it Piedmont and Genoa. All these variations helped Europe to obtain peace. The Congress of Vienna had kept its peace for nearly one hundred years. It maintained this peace by the Concert of Europe. To protect the peace settlement reached at Vienna, the Quadruple Alliance was formed with Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia; France was later added to the alliance. These countries met to deal with any threat to the peace and stability of Europe. Czar Alexander proposed a Holy Alliance that would bind all rulers to govern according to Christian principles. These two alliances acted together to preserve the peace along with the Concert of Europe which preserved the balance of power and prevented local conflicts from flaring into a major European conflict. Another way the Congress maintained the peace is the Metternich system. This is to defend the status quo, which is the existing state of affairs; and the Carlsbad Decrees, which are laws that imposed press censorship and suppressed freedom of speech. After Europe's one hundred years of peace, it had a downfall which cause the Congress of Vienna to break down into nothing. It broke down because of Europe's brief, localized conflicts, such as the Crimean and Franco-Prussian wars. Many rivalries among nations led to mistrust and even hatred, the countries came on the brink of war. The main reason for breakup was WWI, where Germany had become very powerful which upset the balance of power. The other countries then form alliances and there is a breakout of WWI which demolished the hundred years of peace. The Congress of Vienna was a great importance to Europe because of the great peace it provided to Europe for one hundred years. Factors such as the Concert of Europe, Metternich System, legitimacy, and the balance of power all provided help in forming and maintaining the Congress. The outbreak of WWI was the extreme termination of the great Congress. The Congress Of Vienna Essays - Knights Of The Golden Fleece The Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna was an international peace conference for the countries of Europe. The goals of the Congress of Vienna were to have peace throughout Europe and have no wars or fights. The Congress was formed because there had been many wars in the past. The Congress of Vienna was made mostly of conservatives, but had some liberals as well. Some of the influential leaders were Czar Alexander I of Russia, King Frederick William III of Prussia, Lord Castlereagh who was the British foreign minister, and Prince Klemens von Metternich who was the Austrian foreign minister. The Congress of Vienna attained peace in Europe by doing a number of things. One way they attained this is using legitimacy, which is restoring the royal families to their throne. One example is that the Congress recognized Louis XVIII as the legitimate king of France. Another way they attained peace in Europe is restoring the balance of power between the countries in Europe. To do this, they reduced France to its 1790 frontiers, and they strengthened the countries on the borders of France. Also, to the north of France, the Dutch and Austrian Netherlands were united into a single country called the Netherlands, which was ruled by a Dutch king. To the east, 39 German states were loosely joined into the German Confederation, headed by Austria. The Congress also recognized Switzerland as an independent nation. It also strengthened the kingdom of Sardinia in northern Italy by giving it Piedmont and Genoa. All these variations helped Europe to obtain peace. The Congress of Vienna had kept its peace for nearly one hundred years. It maintained this peace by the Concert of Europe. To protect the peace settlement reached at Vienna, the Quadruple Alliance was formed with Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia; France was later added to the alliance. These countries met to deal with any threat to the peace and stability of Europe. Czar Alexander proposed a Holy Alliance that would bind all rulers to govern according to Christian principles. These two alliances acted together to preserve the peace along with the Concert of Europe which preserved the balance of power and prevented local conflicts from flaring into a major European conflict. Another way the Congress maintained the peace is the Metternich system. This is to defend the status quo, which is the existing state of affairs; and the Carlsbad Decrees, which are laws that imposed press censorship and suppressed freedom of speech. After Europe's one hundred years of peace, it had a downfall which cause the Congress of Vienna to break down into nothing. It broke down because of Europe's brief, localized conflicts, such as the Crimean and Franco-Prussian wars. Many rivalries among nations led to mistrust and even hatred, the countries came on the brink of war. The main reason for breakup was WWI, where Germany had become very powerful which upset the balance of power. The other countries then form alliances and there is a breakout of WWI which demolished the hundred years of peace. The Congress of Vienna was a great importance to Europe because of the great peace it provided to Europe for one hundred years. Factors such as the Concert of Europe, Metternich System, legitimacy, and the balance of power all provided help in forming and maintaining the Congress. The outbreak of WWI was the extreme termination of the great Congress.

Introduction About Angiosperms

Introduction About Angiosperms Anatomy is a study of the internal structure of organs. There are between 200 000 and 300 000 different species of angiosperms (flowering plants) known. In comparison with other organisms, only insects number more species than angiosperms. Although a wide variety of flowering plants occur on earth, all have more or less the same structure and consist of three basic organs: roots, stems and leaves.Angiosperms are divided, according to certain characteristics which you studied in std.7, into two large groups, viz. Dicotyledoneae and Monocotyledoneae. In this section I shall refer to the former group as dicotyledons and the latter group as monocotyledons. In this chapter you will learn more about the anatomyRootsThe root system of a flowering plant begins its development from the hypocotyl of the embryo of the seed which gives rise to the primary root. Roots generally grow downwards into the soil (positively geotropic) and upwards (negatively geotropic).Figure 3Roots do not bear leaves and therefore no nodes are present.Two kinds of root systems can be distinguished in flowering plants: tap root systems andadventitious root systems. Usually dicotyledons posses tap root systems and monocotyledons adventitious root systems.Tap Root System: The primary root grows vertically down into the soil in the tap root system. Later lateral or secondary roots grow from this at an acute angle outwards and downwards, and from these other branches may arise. The main or primary root is known as the tap root; together with its many branch roots it forms a tap root system e.g. the bean.Adventitious Root System: The primary root usually dies at an early stage and is replaced by numerous roots that develop from the stem. These roots, which develop from the stem, are...

Economic Analysis of Burberry Essays

Economic Analysis of Burberry Essays Economic Analysis of Burberry Paper Economic Analysis of Burberry Paper 1. 0 Introduction There are tools and techniques that can help owners and managers make decisions. However these decisions are based on purely estimations where the costs and profits will come to a breakeven point. The common breakeven analysis is Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis. This analysis shows that how the cost and profit changes when the volume change. It analyses the effects on profits of changes in variable costs, fixed costs, selling prices, volume, and the products sold. However, there was a downside for this analysis which it only focuses on the breakeven point. In this paper, I mainly analyses Burberry’s performance and describing some of the companies’ background. Besides that, I also did some research on the structure and the competitiveness of the luxury fashion industry. Burberry had built their position in the market since 1856. Burberry Group is a British luxury fashion house, manufacturing clothing and fashion accessories. Its distinctive tartan pattern has become one of its most widely copied trademarks. The company has branded stores and franchises around the world, and also sells through concessions in third-party stores. It runs a catalogue business and has a fragrance line. 2. 0 Burberry Background The Burberry brand was well-known for the authentic British heritage, unique democratic positioning within the luxury arena. They are the largest retailer in United Kingdom. Their founding principles are quality, function and modern classic style. The trench coat, trademark check and Prosum horse logo are their globally recognized icon portfolio. By year 2000, Burberry operated 58 company-owned stores. 2. 1 History 154 years ago, a 21 years old draper’s apprentice, Thomas Burberry, opened a small outfitter’s shop in Basingstoke Hampshire, England. By year 1870, Burberry focused on the quality and innovation in fabric and outwear design which expanded the shop into an ‘emporium’. Ten years after that, they invented Gabardine. Gabardine is a breathable, weatherproof and ‘tearproof’ fabric. In 1891, Thomas Burberry Sons expanded their emporium in the West End of London at 30 Haymarket. They developed a predecessor of the trench coat, Tielocken, which was adopted by British officers during the Boer War in 1895. In 1904, the Burberry Equestrian Knight Logo was developed containing the Latin word â€Å"Prosum† meaning forwards and registered as a trademark. Burberry was then commissioned by the War Office to adapt its officer’s coat, to suit the conditions of British contemporary warfare, resulting in the modern day â€Å"trench coat†. In the 1920s, they added a lining to the trench coat, The Burberry Check, which was registered as a trademark of Burberry. In 1955, Burberry was awarded a Royal Warrant by Her majesty Queen Elizabeth II and the second Royal Warrant in 1989. With these reputation built, they became an international well-known luxury brand. 2. 2 Products Burberry has various kinds of products. All products are to do with fashion. The products they provide can be seen at the pyramid shown below. Burberry brand uniqueness is the patented Burberry Check. It is a combined red, black and white check pattern. It was created in 1924 and was used as lining for the trench coats. It was then used for other merchandise including handbags, umbrellas, and scarves. Other than the Burberry trademark check, their signature icons also includes trench coat inspired D-rings, quilting and the Prosum equestrian knight logo. The Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration Classic Garments for existing target market (Trench coats, outwear, etc. )Product Development Burberry Accessories . e. stadium hats, handbags, toys, fragrances, etc. Market Development Diffusion ranges in mid 1990s for wider audience (Younger Consumers) Diversification N/A 3. 0 Industry 3. 1 Luxury Industry Background Fashion is normally built up from the creativity aspects of people’s personality. This is an industry where people can express their full potential of their creativity which reflects ones persona. Fashion industry is too based on each country’s culture which gives the designers instinct and the uniqueness of the fashion. The United Kingdom (UK) fashion industry had given a great impact to the UK economy. The direct value of the UK fashion industry to the UK economy is around ? 21 billion which is equivalent to 1. 7% of the UK GDP. This direct impact includes manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing of a range of fashion goods. Purchasing from the textiles sector, advertising and public relations spending, the economic contribution of the fashion education and fashion media sectors also the direct impact of the UK fashion industry. One of the main influence is the Value Added Tax (VAT) paid by consumer while purchasing fashion items. It consists of ? 13. 2 billion from the ? 21 billion. As for the indirect and induced impact of the UK fashion industry is calculated as more than ? 16 billion. This impact relates to the spending in other industries, ranging from IT to tourism. The total contribution from the UK fashion industry is more than ? 37 billion. Logically, Burberry belongs to the fashion industry. However, theoretically, Burberrry belongs to a typical traditional luxury industry. Luxury goods are one of the few truly â€Å"global† brands that are able to gain from global efficiency in marketing and producing the product exactly the same in any market that they enter. In UK, this market had grown into a mature market. It is a market of the changing factors of demographics, consumer and fashion trends and the demands of new generation. Most of the apparel production of the players in the industry outsource to other countries. 2 of the main outsources are China and Hong Kong. However, UK has a host of other cost centers including Vietnam, Turkey and Bangladesh. 3. 2 Products in the industry There are various products in this industry. Infact, this is sort of like people’s daily needs. The following chart defines the luxury sector and the products produced in this industry. These product segments can be divided in geographical segments 3. 3 Industry Structure The competition in this industry is monopolistic competition. There are thousands of firms in this industry competing with each other. Examples of firms are, Louis Vuitton, Hermes, Gucci, Prada and etc. These are few of those well known luxury fashion brand. The nature their products are differentiated and they have their own uniqueness which makes them have the control over the price. 3. 3. 1 The Porter’s Five Forces Model This model can explain this industry in detail. Threats of New Entrants It is believed that new entrants will not really be a threat to the current established brands. However, new designers that start their own brand with the correct growth infrastructure, they can grow quickly. In this case, they can attract volatile middle market customers. But they normally cannot attract the stable HNWI customers. Competing with those well-developed companies they will need high capital for the latest technologies to keep their goods up to quality. Secondly, it is very difficult to estimate consumers’ tastes which also include their various profiles, and symbolic needs or expectations. Small firms do not only design, manufacture, and sell their products, they also interact with their customers and systematically segment their markets and channels of distribution. This will give the new entrants the advantage during the process of design, manufacture and sales. The reason being is they understand their consumers better and try their best to fulfill their needs. As for large firm, they will have trouble understanding their consumers because of the hierarchy in the firm. Bargaining power of Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers supposable to be low because this market has not reach their consistency. It is different from the ordinary brand where consumers have their confidence on those brands. Luxury brands need to build their consumers’ confidence with marketing which will cost them a high budget. Bargaining power of Buyers The bargaining power of buyers is very high. The firms need to fulfill their consumers’ needs. If the consumer requires a product but the store, the store will need to call up some their branches in order to fulfill the consumers’ needs. Threat of Substitutes There are no substitute for the luxury fashion industry unless of not buying it. Luxury industry usually use their own branding to attract their consumers and keep their loyalty on the brand with their uniqueness. 3. 4 Industry Performance The luxury industry is growing extremely well throughout the years even during economic slowdown. In year 2009, the luxury goods retailers stand 23% of new store opening. According to a global real estate adviser, CB Richard Ellis (CBRE), luxury retailers operate in over 25 countries and 50 cities worldwide on average. Comparing that with the global top retailers, CB Richard Ellis had mapped 294 world’s top retailers across 69 countries which make the luxury retailers have the largest global presence of all retail sectors. Hong Kong is the most popular destination for luxury retailers. They attract 91% of luxury brands surveyed as part of the CBRE study. Followed by London (87%), Dubai (85%) and lastly in total eight of the top 15 luxury Asian cities including, Taipei, Beijing, Shanghai, and Singapore. In the United States, they spend around $324. 3 billion on apparel, accessories, and footwear in 2002 and increased by 2. 9% ($315. 3 billion) in 2001. The employment under this industry had decreased because most of the production had moved overseas for the reason of lower cost. The number of employment had dropped from 537, 000 in December 2001 to 507,000 in December 2002. 3. 5 Competitive Strategy used in Luxury Fashion Industry Luxury Conglomerates Being in the luxury industry, they can benefit from the integration in a luxury conglomerate. It is easier to have a much easier access to financial means and a solid business structure which can boost their development. The conglomerate can have the advantage of having cheaper cost of capital to finance their development. They also enjoy the bargaining power and lower operation costs. All new creators and designers will be desperate to go into the companies in this industry which help to keep their uniqueness. Designer brands With this strategy, they compete with their uniqueness of their products which makes them different from other brands. The main issue here is their designers’ creativity and research and development. Without research and development, they might not know what their environment want most. Besides that, a good marketing skill can go a long way. It depends on how the company wants to show their image with the public. Selecting the right market will be very important and can seriously affect their sales. Industrial brands By using this strategy, it is the build the brand strength by focusing on the business model that delivers on the brand promises and brand values. It is very important to give a clear message through good advertising. If the message is successfully send to the public, they can build their brand equity by extending their brand values through the entire business so that they can deliver on what they promise. Retailers The retailers base their business models around the strength of their stores. Their stores are all their consumers will lay eye on the goods and services. So, the companies must give the first best impression to their consumers. 4. 0 Burberry’s Performance Analysis The total revenue had been growing throughout the past five years. For the past year, the total revenue growth was ? 1, 202 million which is around 7% of the growth. However, the total revenue growth had a massive decline at 2009 compared to the past years. It can be seen at the KPI table the total revenue growth had dropped 61% from year 2008 and around 53% from 2007. It can be seen from the figure below that the major increase from the 7% total revenue growth, retail is the main income which is around 14%, 2% increase in wholesale, but 9% of licensing. Figure: Total Revenue growth divided by channels Most of the Burberry revenue came from Europe which is around 34% of the total revenue. The runner up is America (27%), Asia Pacific (21%), Spain (13%), and the rest of the world (5%). The emerging market China, Middle East, Russia and India contribute 9% of the sales. Burberry has been operating in these markets with their local partners who can provide esources and knowledge to help Burberry increase their sales in each region. Since these regions had provided quite an amount of sales through wholesales and retails, they had been expanding their stores. The following figure can show the number of stores they opened in different regions. By year 2009, they already open 91 stores in the emerging markets. Overall, Burberry had opened 419 stores in the world which is an increase of over 50 stores in 2009 compared 2008. These stores include a net of 22 more mainline, 22 more concessions where majority of the mainline is in Americas and Middle East. As for the revenue from the product segments, womenswear gain the most revenue compared to other products. They gain around 37% of the total revenue. Coming up is non-apparel (33%), menswear (26%), and childrenswear or others which is around 4% of the total revenue. the revenue from the non-apparel segment is around ? 366 million which is 12% more than year 2008. Non-apparel accounted for 33% of retail and wholesale revenue, compared to 32% last year. The above figure is the financial review of Burberry comparing year 2008 and 2009. It can be seen above that even though the total revenue but profit had dropped massively. This is caused by the costs of restructuring, impairment changes, negative goodwill credit on the formation of the Burberry Middle East joint venture, impact of one-off tax credits, relocation of global headquarters and group’s infrastructure redesign initiative. These costs had increased from ? 4. 5million to ? 190. 7million which made their profit from positive to negative. This cost had rose 102% compared to 2008. The following is the summary of the costs and the amount of each cost. Costs included in the costs above: Restructuring charge – Cost efficiency program including redundancy and other direct costs with the balance being asset write-offs and provisions. Goodwill impairment charge – reflects on the increasingly challenging economic environment in the market. Store impairment and onerous lease provisions – half of the cost is split in Europe and half in the United States Negative goodwill – it is the cost from the formation of the joint venture in Middle East Relocation of headquarters – the deterioration in the London commercial property market during the last year. About 70% of these charges are non-cash items, except for part of the restructuring charge and onerous lease provisions. Besides that, there is a decline on the operating profit which is caused by the massive increase on the cost of sales and a little effect on the increase on operating expenses in 2009. This is probably caused by the 2008 economic crisis. A terrible recession happened during 2008 which causes them whole lot more of costs and expense which will decrease their profit or even making a loss. The cost of sales had increased around ? 200million in a year. 5. 0 Shareholders’ Wealth The adjusted diluted EPS declined 4% (30. 2 pence) in 2009. This is due to the decline in profit caused by a lower tax rate. The reason being is probably caused by the 2008 economic crisis. Burberry put their concentration on the Total Shareholder Return where it measures the growth in value of a shareholding assuming dividends are reinvested to purchase additional units of stock. There are a few elements to measure the remuneration. These elements represent the total potential of the remuneration. Those elements are base salary, the annual bonus, benefits and service agreements. 5. Sustainability of shareholders’ return Despite the decline of profit in year 2009, Burberry’s profit had been growing throughout the years. The reason that 2009’s profit had decline is mainly because of the recession had affected their costs. It is quite sustainable that the profit had been quite constant. The sustainability can be attained by looking at the corporate responsibility. Corporate Responsibility Burberry had been serving the highest quality standards since 1856. They did a very well job on building their brand image and bringing the operational excellence to the luxury products. The following is the results from 2009. Clear Management Burberry has a clear management. Every year they have 3 meetings. The Group employs a Corporate Responsibility team of nine people which will manage the supply chain, environmental and community management and draws on external independent advice. Besides that, the executive management will review on the Environment, Ethical Trading, Employee Volunteering and Exotic Materials Policies. Healthy Business Partnerships Burberry believes in healthy business ethics. They believe that employing local labour and environmental laws with a safe and hygienic environment. They also have a policy based on ethical trading with internationally accepted codes. -There are 487 factory visits to assure compliance with the Burberry ethical trading policy. -Engagement of active member of three BSR working groups -25 key suppliers took part in long term capacity building programs focused on training for productivity, human resource management systems and better communication -Roll out of the Burberry confidential worker hotline in its suppliers’ factories. -New suppliers are approved by the CR team prior to working with Burberry Environment care Burberry has the largest environmental impact areas include carbon emissions (linked to energy use, travel and distribution network) solid waste and the use of bulk materials -Burberry lauched a packaging project to reduce the amount of transit packaging used -Relocated to new Corporate headquarters designed with energy-saving features, reduced cleaning chemicals, and more recycled stationery contents -Installation of energy-saving compressors -Waste reduction -Launched a sea vs air shipping initiative which resulted in significant savings and reduced environmental impacts Organization Development This includes attracting and retaining talented employees and customers which give the best results for the organization. -E-recruitment website and corporate intern program -Talent review, development program, and evolving the organization with strategic themes -New global headquarters, Horseferry House, provides a safe efficient and responsible working environment for employees and visitors -Piloted global education and training program designed for and delivered to all retail staff to ensure that the customer experience is in line with Burberry’s brand standards and Burberry’s luxury positioning Health and safety By retaining talented employees, Burberry will ensure a fully healthy and safe environment for them. Products and supply chain standards Burberry has strived to achieve the highest quality standards in all components and stages of its supply chain process since 1856 -More efficient with the use of raw materials -Usage of SAGA furs in Finland rather than natural hides -Issues licenses to ensure no harmful chemicals are used or contained within Burberry products Contributing to society Burberry had been practicing the give corporate sponsorship worldwide which includes cash and product donations. Supports on London, New York City, and Hong Kong to identifies unique local challenges to successful youth development and supports charities with proven programs to address them -Burberry’s employees serve as mentors to young people and volunteer for a range of programs -2008 Christmas Coat Donation saw more than 500 coats distributed in London, New York City, Hong Kong, and Seoul acro ss 12 different charities, ensuring that the coats went to job training students in time to help them begin their job search with confidence -Redundant office furniture and equipment from Burberry’s old offices were made available to the Foundation supported charities for their offices and programs 5. 2 Risk volatility By looking at the risk, it can give shareholders value. This analysis can be integrated by the evaluation of strategy. Burberry is challenging with five key strategic themes. They are: Leveraging the franchise -Maintaining brand momentum -Reinforcing outerwear heritage and leadership -Further reshaping the product pyramid -Capitalizing on menswear opportunity -Building childrenswear -Enhancing marketing -Optimizing licensing Intensifying non-apparel development -Further growth in division of product: oHandbags oShoes oMen’s non-apparel -Continue receiving marketing and PR focus via prominence on the runway, editorial priority and heightened presence in global advertising -Initiated its partnership buy model for non-apparel with the Autumn/Winter 2009 season -Japanese non-apparel joint venture Accelerating retail-led growth -Reorientating design and merchandising toward more disciplined, style-efficient and balanced collections -Increasing the frequency of new goods flowing to stores -Developing a more extensive and responsive replenishment program in all product divisions, while evolving in-store visual merchandising and processes to support -Enhancing store productivity -Accelerating new store openings -Continuing e-commerce development -Upgrading store image Investing in under-penetrated markets -Increase market share in America -Entered joint venture with Middle East and opened four stores in 2009 Pursuing operational excellence Announced global cost efficiency program in January 2009 -Global IT program implementation based on SAP technology in Hong Kong and United States Looking at the strategy and past years profits, Burberry’s risk volatility is quite low. 6. 0 Cost-volume-profit analysis (CVP Analysis) Assumption: -Only apply to one product -Fixed costs same in total and unit variable costs same at all levels of output -Sales prices constant at all levels of activity -Production equals to sales -All amount taken from 2008 is from the sale from one product -Volume sold in 2008 is 6million units -Net operating expenses and cost of sales are variable costs Sales at 6 million units Total Revenue = ? 1279. 90million Total Fixed Cost = ? 150. 40million Net Operating Expenses = ? 416. 0million Cost of sales = ? 475. 90million Variable cost = ? 591. 9million 7. 0 Conclusion Burberry has its own uniqueness which a lot people will not just simply change their taste to other brands. This is one main reason that the revenues of Burberry kept on rising and also they kept their position in the market. However, if Burberry wants to keep their position in the market, they have to continue designing and express their creativity. Without this, consumers will sooner or later get tired of their old products and hence the sales will drop. Same to the competitor in this luxury fashion industry. Besides that, good marketing can go a long way. With the right marketing, sending the right message to the right market, Burberry can save a lot of money and yet increase a lot of sales. References: ACCA – Strategic Business Planning and Development 2005/06, FTC Foulks Lynch. Burberry 2009 Annual Report Burberry Investors Official Website: burberryplc. com Casciato, P. 2010, Fashion worth more than $30 billion to UK economy, Reuters, cited at 24 October 2010, available at: reuters. com/article/idUSTRE68F3UX20100916 CIMA Managerial Paper P2 – Management Accounting – Decision Magement, 2010, BPP Learning Media, London. Fashion History Industry Analysis, 2009, Eurbanista, cited at 28 October 2010, available at: eurbanista. com/introduction-to-fashion-history-industry-analysis/ Nguyen, V. , Analysis of the Luxury Goods Apparel and Footwear Industries, cited at 28 October 2010, available at: uwlax. edu/urc/JUR-online/PDF/2004/nguyen. pdf Sloman, J. 2006, Economics, 6th edn, Pearson Education Limited, England. Smith, J. 2008, Worldwide luxury goods market growth projected to slow substantially by end of year and head into recession in 2009, according Bain Co study, Business Intelligence Middle East, cited at 27 October 2010, available at: bi-me. com/main. php? d=28646t=1c=3cg=2 Strategic Analysis – Luxury Goods Industry Analysis, 2009, Thinking Made Easy, cited at 26 October 2010, Available at: http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2009/05/strategic-analysisluxury-goods-industry-analysis. html Welch, P. J Welch G. F. , 2010, Economics Theory Practice, 9th edn, John Wiley Sons , Inc, United States of America. Worldwide luxury goods market growth projected to slow substantially by end of year and head into recession in 2009, Bain Company, cited at 26 October 2010, available at: bain. com/bainweb/about/press_release_detail. asp? id=26657menu_url=for_the_media. asp